Transcriptome was identified by means of Affymetrix ® Rat Gene 2.1 ST Array. Half of orchiectomized rats were replaced with testosterone while ovariectomized ones with estradiol. Adult male and female rats were either gonadectomized or sham operated. The classical method applied in the study-gonadectomy and gonadal hormone replacement-allows obtaining results suggesting a physiological role of the tested hormone (testosterone or estradiol) in the regulation of the specific genes. Therefore, we performed studies aimed to demonstrate the effect of testosterone and estradiol on the expression of differentially regulated genes in rat adrenal gland. The molecular bases of these sex-related differences are poorly understood. In this aspect, it is widely accepted that testosterone exerts an inhibitory and estradiol stimulatory effect on the said axis. These sex differences depend, among others, on functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). In the rat, they are manifested as larger adrenal cortex and higher corticosterone secretion by females compared with males. Sex differences in adrenal cortex structure and function are well known in different species. Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland.
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